PSYC FPX 3110 Assessment 3 Living Criteria of the DSM:
Living Criteria of the DSM
Bipolar disorder is classified as a distinct mental condition according to the American Psychiatric Association under the DSM-5. Both types of this mental health condition are significant, but the more severe form is known as bipolar I disorder. It is associated with a higher chance of experiencing several psychotic episodes and deaths than the other form, bipolar II disorder.
Bipolar II disorder is diagnosed when at least one full-blown hypomanic episode is combined with significant depressive episodes and irregular mood swings. Studies have found that bipolar patients who are depressed are more likely to die than those who are manic. Bipolar diseases, like cancer and HIV/AIDS, do not discriminate and can affect anybody, even celebrities such as Kanye West, Demi Lovato, and Mariah Carey.
This assessment will look at one celebrity who has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, explaining the condition and examining its influence on their life. Evidence-based medical care will also be explored, supported by research and scholarly publications.
Related Assessments:
Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis
Mariah Carey, who was diagnosed with bipolar II disorder in 2001, recently disclosed to People magazine that she has been fighting her disorder alone for fear of losing her career if she seeks help. She stated that she had kept her mental health problem a secret due to the stigma attached to it, but that she hoped to change that by sharing her experience. The American Psychiatric Association distinguishes between bipolar disorder and Major Depressive Disorder in its 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), identifying symptom overlap between the two disorders.
To diagnose bipolar disorder, a patient must have distinct and dateable episodes of mania or hypomania. Severe manic episodes can last for several weeks or months. On the other hand, hypomanic episodes are used to identify bipolar disorder II and typically last from a few days to a few weeks (Jain & Mitra, 2023).
The DSM-5 specifically relies on depression to diagnose bipolar disorder II, even though research has shown that people with both forms of bipolar illness—I and II—experience depressive episodes (Culpepper, 2019). To identify whether a patient has severe depression or bipolar illness, a method of screening should be utilized as the first step in the diagnostic procedure.
If confusion remains, an oral examination or contact with a professional is recommended. During the medical conversation, important information is gathered concerning the frequency and presence of manic or hypomanic episodes, how they affect work or social life, and any co-occurring problems such as anxiety disorders. In addition, the conversation will include pertinent family history, previous treatments, and the outcomes (Tokumitsu et al., 2021).
It is also important for the diagnosing doctor to have conversations with the patient’s loved ones in order to gain a complete understanding of the patient’s symptoms with the patient’s permission (Balogh et al., 2019). When Mariah Carey was first diagnosed with bipolar disorder II in 2001, she was suffering from severe sadness and anxiety. In an interview with People magazine, she stated that her disease includes spells of hypomania, sleeplessness, and irritability.
PSYC FPX 3110 Assessment 3 Living Criteria of the DSM
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Effects of BD on Mariah Carey’s success
Mariah Carey’s incessant motivation to work, which was mostly caused by her sleeplessness, originally helped her in her career. However, her irritation and despair finally took their toll, leading her to distance herself from people close to her. This isolation can have long-term negative consequences, increasing feelings of loneliness. Ignoring or mismanaging bipolar disorder can lead to a variety of other problems, including anxiety disorders, addiction to drugs, and, in severe cases, suicide (Jones et al., 2019). Despite her hyperactivity and restless nights, Mariah did not work to accomplish her commitments, which hurt her career. She also worried about losing others and feeling incompetent.
Bipolar Disorder Treatment
It’s essential to note that the subtype and extent of bipolar disorder can impact the best treatment options. Pharmacotherapy is a standard therapeutic strategy that is frequently useful in controlling bipolar disorder. Antidepressants and mood stabilizers are prescribed to treat symptoms and prevent future episodes (Shah et al., 2020). Sodium valproate, which works faster than lithium, is a popular mood stabilizer. Lamotrigine, on the other hand, works better in preventing depressed episodes than manic ones. Patients should be warned that long-term usage of these medications could result in adverse effects such as high blood pressure, low blood counts, nausea, exhaustion, and even memory problems.
PSYC FPX 3110 Assessment 3 Living Criteria of the DSM
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Talk treatments such as psychoanalysis and support groups are among the therapeutic modalities used in psychosocial medicine. These therapies are critical in helping people with bipolar disorder understand their condition and learn self-care skills. Patients who receive psychotherapy are more likely to stick to their prescription procedures, notice mood changes earlier, and have fewer severe episodes and recurrent infections (Smith, 2020). In addition, the love and support of friends and family are critical to healing. When patients have a strong support system, they can overcome feelings of loneliness and find comfort in knowing they are not alone in their challenges. Eventually, this assistance offers the satisfaction and stability required to properly manage the medical condition.
Abnormal psychology is concerned with disorders categorized as “abnormal” in the DSM-5. Based on the findings given in this context, psychiatrists can make educated professional decisions that have positive effects on behavior (Kring & Johnson, 2022). As a psychiatrist, you quickly realize that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to patient care; instead, a complete understanding of multiple methodologies and approaches is required to get an accurate diagnosis and successful treatment strategy.
Cognitive processes, which concentrate on the patient’s internal thinking, are only one component of providing appropriate and legal care. These cognitive processes can be changed via behavioral and psychoanalytic methods. Furthermore, a medical strategy that uses medicine to reduce the effects of disorders is beneficial in delivering successful treatment (Nakao et al., 2021).
A clinical interview provides a competent expert with useful information about the best options for treatment for their patients. Patients with mental health disorders frequently feel self-conscious and want comfort from their healthcare providers, therefore honesty and nonjudgmental support are essential qualities for psychiatrists (Moudatsou et al., 2020).
Bipolar disorder symptoms can occasionally connect with those of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), resulting in potential misdiagnoses. It is critical for medical professionals to effectively identify between these medical conditions using the particular criteria established in the DSM-5, resulting in educated judgments rather than premature ones that could hurt patients (Comparelli et al., 2022). This method helps in developing specific and successful treatment strategies based on a complete understanding of the patient’s symptoms and requirements.
PSYC FPX 3110 Assessment 3 Living Criteria of the DSM
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Conclusion
The social and cultural forces outlined in the DSM-5 do not exclude celebrities, who are frequently pushed to impossible standards of perfection. Mariah Carey’s struggle with Bipolar II health issues, which she kept secret for fear of being rejected and damaging her career, underlines this issue. She is not alone in suffering mental health difficulties while in the public spotlight.
Alongside medicine and social support, psychotherapy is essential for helping people with bipolar disorder recover their sense of autonomy. It provides a secure environment for understanding and expressing emotions, which is essential for effective treatment. Insights from abnormal psychology research help enable clinicians to effectively diagnose patients and pick suitable therapies, ensuring they get complete care suitable to their unique requirements.
References
Balogh, E. P., Miller, B. T., & Ball, J. R. (2019). The diagnostic process. Nih.gov; National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK338593/
Comparelli, A., Polidori, L., Sarli, G., Pistollato, A., & Pompili, M. (2022). Differentiation and comorbidity of bipolar disorder and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: A clinical and nosological perspective. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13(PMC9403243). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.949375
Culpepper, L. (2019). The Diagnosis and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder. The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.4088/pcc.13r01609
Jain, A., & Mitra, P. (2023). Bipolar disorder. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558998/
Jones, S., Riste, L., Barrowclough, C., Bartlett, P., Clements, C., Davies, L., Holland, F., Nav Kapur, Lobban, F., Long, R., Morriss, R., Peters, S., Roberts, C., Camacho, E., Gregg, L., & Dionysios Ntais. (2019, September). Suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder. Nih.gov; NIHR Journals Library. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525333/
Kring, A. M., & Johnson, S. L. (2022). Abnormal Psychology: The Science and Treatment of Psychological Disorders. In Google Books. John Wiley & Sons. https://books.google.com.pk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=mi7WEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Abnormal+psychology+is+concerned+with+disorders+categorized+as+%22abnormal%22+in+the+DSM-5.+Based+on+the+findings+given+in+this+context
Moudatsou, M., Stavropoulou, A., Philalithis, A., & Koukouli, S. (2020). The Role of Empathy in Health and Social Care Professionals. Healthcare, 8(1), 1–9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151200/
Nakao, M., Shirotsuki, K., & Sugaya, N. (2021). Cognitive–behavioral Therapy for Management of Mental Health and stress-related disorders: Recent Advances in Techniques and Technologies. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 15(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13030-021-00219-w
Shah, N., Grover, S., & Rao, Gp. (2020). Clinical practice guidelines for management of bipolar disorder. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 59(5), 51. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.196974
Smith, A. (2020, June 30). Types of therapy: For anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD and more. Www.medicalnewstoday.com. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/types-of-therapy
Tokumitsu, K., Norio, Y.-F., Adachi, N., Kubota, Y., Watanabe, Y., Miki, K., Azekawa, T., Edagawa, K., Katsumoto, E., Hongo, S., Goto, E., Ueda, H., Kato, M., Nakagawa, A., Kikuchi, T., Tsuboi, T., Watanabe, K., Shimoda, K., & Yoshimura, R. (2021). Real-world clinical predictors of manic/hypomanic episodes among outpatients with bipolar disorder. PLoS ONE, 16(12), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262129
PSYC FPX 3110 Assessment 3 Living Criteria of the DSM
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